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MODULE WATERS
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W1: BIOFILTER TECHNOLOGY WITH NANO DIAMONDS FOR TREATMENT OF WASTE WATERS WITH AZO-DYES Description: In the base of the technology is the use of sandy biofilter equipment for detoxification of water with high concentrations of azo dyes. The biodegradation of toxic substances is carried out by a biofilm adapted by a specialized algorithm. At critical times of loading, the technology enables the application of an augmentation approach with an innovative detoxification modulator - a nanodiamond suspension. The application potential is aimed at treatment of wastewater in the pharmaceutical, chemical and dye industries. Benefits: High effectiveness of specific pollutant removal has been achieved in lab scale (95-98%). By a combination of chemical, microbiological, enzymological and molecular-biological indicators, it has been demonstrated that: 1/ the biological system performs complete biodegradation; 2/ the key microorganisms -biodegradants are represented in high numbers in the formed biofilm; 3/ using the specialized adaptation algorithm, the bacteria in the community not only function with high activity, but also build cooperative synergistic relationships with each other. |
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W2: PLASMA TECHNOLOGIES FOR TREATMENT AND POST-TREATMENT OF WATERS Description: The innovative methods and technologies based on plasma treatment have great potential to solve the most critical water problems in an original way - the removal of difficult biodegradable and toxic pollutants /dyes from textile industry, pesticides, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), and other specific micro - pollutants with a strong negative impact on human and ecosystem health. In addition, plasma treatment has a great bactericidal effect on liquids and solid surfaces, which allows this technology to be used for the treatment of water, products and waste contaminated with pathogenic and opportunistic pathogen microorganisms. Benefits: Plasma modules for the treatment of contaminated water are able to generate high concentrations of chemically active components with a strong oxidizing effects on many organic compounds and bactericidal action on dangerous microorganisms. In laboratory conditions, a very high treatment efficiency is achieved with an extremely short treatment time (less than 1 min). |
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W3: DETERMINATION AND CONTROL OF MACRO AND MICROELEMENTS, ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AND RADIONUCLIDES IN WATERS Development and optimization of ICP-MS and ICP-AES methods for element analysis; LC-ICP-MS methods for speciation analysis; radiochemical methods for determination of radionuclides, chromatographic methods for determination of organic components in surface, underground, mineral and waste waters. Creation of a data base for evaluation of the condition of Bulgarian mineral and river waters. |
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W4: PURIFICATION OF WATERS BASED ON NEW NANOMATERIALS PHOTOCATALYSTS UNDER IRRADIATION WITH UV AND VISIBLE LIGHT Synthesis of nanocomposits, presumably having better photocatalytic properties compared to the initial components. Characterization of the synthesized nanocomposits aiming to clarify their photocatalytic activity. Establishment of the photocatalytic activity of the nanomaterials compared to organic molecules – water pollutants. Proposal of a mechanism of the photocatalytic activity. |
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W5: INTRODUCING CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE WATER SUPPLY AND SEWARAGE SYSTEMS The circular economy is a modern approach to smart production. It focuses on the recycling of intermediate/aside products obtained in the main production process, which in the classic 'linear' economy usually fall into the category of 'non usable waste'. The circular economy solutions have place in all the economic sectors. In the operation of water supply and sewerage systems, circular solutions can be sought in three directions: along the water pathway, along the materials pathway and the energy pathway. Field of competence:
Benefits: Improving the efficiency of water and sewerage systems by following the principle of "doing more with less". Optimization of the materialsutilization and positive effect on the use of natural resources (water, energy). |
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W6: RAINWATER COLLECTING AND REUSE A new look at technology used since ancient times to purposeful utilization of rainwater in urban areas. Field of competence:
Benefits: Rainwater reuse technologies have proven positive effects in the following aspects: - significantly facilitate the operation of combined sewage systems; - reduce the use of drinking water for irrigation and / or domestic needs, which do not necessitate drinking water quality (e.g. toilets flushing); |
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W7: REDUCING THE RISK OF WATER POLLUTION WITH PRIORITY AND OTHER SPECIFIC POLLUTANTS Priority and other specific pollutants in water bodies are subject to specific control pursuant to Water Framework Directive. To date, 45 priority substances are subject to regulatory control.Identifying the sources of priority substances, the analytical methods for measuring them, their effects on human health and ecosystems, and ways to eliminate and / or reduce their impact are issues that are still subject to scientific, technological and policy decisions. Field of competence:
Benefits: The studies contribute to the effective management of water resources; assessing the risks to ecosystems and human health and improving the national and European water policy. |
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W8: INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE WATER SUPPLY AND SEWARAGE SYSTEMS The operation of the water supply and sewerage infrastructure is often associated with significant energy consumption. At the same time, there are many reserves in the operation of a number of technological cycles, both for reducing energy consumption and for producing energy as additional benefit. A modern reading on the operation of the water supply and sewerage systems is necessary! Field of competence:
Benefits: Change in positive direction the energy balance of the water supply and sewerage systems (which is currently negative); increasing green energy production and reducing carbon emissions globally. |
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W9: PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL USING ALGAE BASED TECHNOLOGIES The algae-based wastewater treatment technology is a biological alternative to conventional chemical methods for removing the depleting element of phosphorus from wastewater.The vital activity of algae eliminates the need for continuous use of reagents for phosphorus precipitation and subsequent disposal, through incorporating Phosphorus in their biomass. The biomass itself is suitable for utilization in agriculture as fertilizer and for raw material for production of biofuels. Field of competence:
Benefits: Decreasing of WWTP operational costs for sludge disposal and for the purchase and dosage of chemical reagents; opportunity for energy production at the plant from the biological algae sludge; water enrichment with oxygen; reduction of carbon emissions due to photosynthesis. |
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 WWTP Gabrovo methane tanks |
W10: RECYCLING OF WASTE PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE OPERATION OF WATER SUPPLY AND SEWARAGE SYSTEMS The wastewater treatment is associated with generation of sludge, usually considered as waste, whose final disposal or utilisation is often a challenge for the operators. Waste, valuable raw material or source of energy is the sludge from the wastewater treatment plants – a question that has many answers. Field of competence:
Benefits: Finding of sustainable circle economy decisions for WWTP sludge utilisation as a source of energy. |
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W11. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SORPTION AND FILTRATION MATERIALS FROM AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER WASTE PRODUCTS The removal of specific chemical contaminants from drinking and waste water is a problem that requires a broader application of adsorption / ion exchange into existing water treatment schemes. Field of competence:
Benefits: Utilization, optimal and sustainable use of natural products and agricultural residues / wastes; environmental protection; reduction of harmful emissions into the air. |
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WASTE AND DRINKING WATER PURIFICATION USING CARBON ADSORBENTS Waste and drinking water purification using carbon adsorbentsDevelopment and implementation of methods for purification of waste and drinking water using carbon adsorbents. The advantages of carbon adsorbents are the very large surface area, chemical inertness and stability in aqueous suspension, as well as the non-release of any substance in the purified water. Activated carbons with their highly developed porous structure and chemical character of the surface (the presence of a large number of oxygen containing functional groups) are effective adsorbents for the removal of various organic (phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with carcinogenic action, etc.) and inorganic (mainly heavy metals ions) pollutants. A major contribution of research in this area will be to determine the impact of major factors on the adsorption capacity of carbon adsorbents used against different pollutants. The results of the studies will be the basis for the selection of a suitable carbon adsorbent for an organic or inorganic pollutant. |
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